Gasoline Price in Mongolia — Estimated Pump Price Today

Mongolia applies lower excise duty than Western Europe but still charges full VAT on fuel. Tax is a large share of the pump price, though crude moves pass through somewhat faster than in high-duty markets.

With VAT at 20% layered on top of excise duty, only part of any Brent move reaches the pump. A $10/bbl change in Brent is roughly $0.08 per litre at the till, before retailers adjust margins.

Mongolia has no oil production of note and imports virtually all of its petroleum from Russia. Landlocked between Russia and China, its fuel supply is tied to Russian product pricing influenced by Brent.

A barrel of Brent contains 158.987 litres, but a refinery does not turn one barrel into 158.987 litres of gasoline. Yields differ by crude grade and refinery configuration, and the remaining volume becomes other products — diesel, jet fuel and fuel oil. What the crude price sets is the input cost floor, not the pump price itself.

At a Brent price of $74.32 per barrel, the raw crude component works out at about $0.467 per litre. Everything above that in Mongolia — roughly $0.90 per litre — is refining, logistics, retail margin and tax.

Track the underlying benchmark on our live Brent crude price page, or compare it against the US benchmark on Brent vs WTI.

Brent sets the input cost, but gasoline is its own product with its own refining route, its own quality spec and its own demand cycle. Those three things explain most of the gap between the crude price and what drivers in Mongolia pay.

Gasoline is made from the light end of the barrel. Straight-run naphtha is upgraded in a catalytic reformer, then blended with cracked gasoline, alkylate and isomerate until the mix hits its octane target. A simple hydroskimming refinery yields roughly 20–25% gasoline from a barrel of Brent-type crude; a complex refinery running a catalytic cracker can push that above 45% by breaking heavier fractions down into lighter ones. That is why a refinery cannot simply make more gasoline when the price rises — the yield is set by the crude grade and the plant configuration.

Pumps quote RON, the Research Octane Number. 95 RON is the mainstream grade in most markets and 98 RON is the premium grade; the premium usually costs a few percent more because it needs more high-octane blendstock. Octane is a knock-resistance rating, not an energy rating: a higher grade does not contain more energy per litre, it just tolerates more compression before pre-igniting.

Mongolia sits in a market where the seasonal blend switch matters. Refiners cut the vapour pressure of summer gasoline to limit evaporative emissions in warm weather, and the lower-volatility blend costs more to produce because cheap light components such as butane have to be pulled out. Winter gasoline is easier and cheaper to make, which is one reason forecourt prices often soften in the colder months even when crude is flat.

Gasoline demand is dominated by passenger cars, so it is a consumer-led, weather-and-holiday-sensitive product. In the northern hemisphere the gasoline crack spread — the margin between crude and finished gasoline — normally firms through the spring and peaks in the summer driving season, then fades in autumn. This is why gasoline can rise while Brent falls, and vice versa: the pump price is the crude price plus a refining margin that has its own separate cycle.

Structurally, gasoline is the first oil product that vehicle efficiency standards and electric vehicles erode, because passenger cars are the easiest segment to electrify. Where that transition is under way, gasoline volumes decline even as total oil demand holds up — which shifts refinery economics toward diesel and jet fuel over time.

Mongolia taxes gasoline at about $0.42 per litre, roughly $0.07 more than diesel. The higher wedge on gasoline damps crude pass-through: because excise duty is a fixed cash amount per litre, its share of the pump price shrinks when Brent rises and expands when Brent falls, so gasoline prices here move proportionally less than the benchmark.

Watch the spring blend switch: refiners move to summer-grade gasoline before the driving season, and the tighter volatility spec plus stronger demand usually lift the gasoline crack at the same time. That combination can raise pump prices in a month when Brent has not moved at all.